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Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Malecite Fiber, Canoe Material
Wood used for canoe slats.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Malecite Other, Hide Preparation
Bark used for tanning hides.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Malecite Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make arrows.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Menominee Drug, Abortifacient
Infusion of dried inner bark taken during a cold to treat suppressed menses.
Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Menominee Drug, Adjuvant
Inner bark used as a seasoner for enhancing medicines.
Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid
Compound poultice of dried, powdered leaves applied to swellings.
Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 134
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Menominee Drug, Diaphoretic
Plant used in the sudatory.
Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Menominee Drug, Stimulant
Smudge of leaves used to revive 'lost consciousness.'
Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Menominee Fiber, Basketry
Bark used to weave bags.
Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 76
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Menominee Other, Protection
Leaves used as moth balls and clothes stored away with layers of leaf sprays to keep out the moths.
Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 81
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Micmac Drug, Analgesic
Stems used for headaches.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Micmac Drug, Burn Dressing
Inner bark, bark and stems used for burns.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine
Inner bark, bark and stems used for cough.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Micmac Drug, Orthopedic Aid
Leaves used for swollen feet and hands and stems used for headaches.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Micmac Drug, Toothache Remedy
Gum used for toothache.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Micmac Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy
Inner bark, bark and stems used for consumption.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Micmac Fiber, Canoe Material
Used to make canoe slats.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Micmac Other, Fuel
Wood used for kindling and fuel.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Micmac Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Used to make arrow shafts.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Montagnais Drug, Diaphoretic
Infusion of bruised twigs taken to cause sweating.
Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic
Infusion of leaves used for headache.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine
Decoction of leaves taken as a blood purifier.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Smoke used to purify sacred objects, hands and persons of participants.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine
Decoction of leaves taken for coughs.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Ojibwa Drug, Diaphoretic
Compound containing leaves used in the sweatbath.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry
Tough, stringy bark used in making fiber bags.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material
Light, strong, straight-grained wood used for canoe frames and ribs.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Ojibwa Food, Beverage
Leaves steeped for tea.
Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2234
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Ojibwa Other, Incense & Fragrance
Pungent fragrance of leaves and wood always used as an acceptable incense to Winabojo.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Ojibwa Other, Sacred Items
This tree and the white cedar were worshipped as the two most useful trees in the forest.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Penobscot Drug, Analgesic
Compound poultice of bark used on cuts made in painful area to treat pain.
Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Penobscot Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of leaves applied to swollen hands or feet.
Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Penobscot Drug, Panacea
Compound poultice of bark applied 'for all kinds of trouble.'
Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Potawatomi Drug, Adjuvant
Plant used as a seasoner for medicines.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70, 71
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Potawatomi Drug, Unspecified
Poultice of leaves used for unspecified ailments.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70, 71
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Potawatomi Drug, Witchcraft Medicine
Leaves burned on coals to purify patient and exorcise evil spirits.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70, 71
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Potawatomi Other, Ceremonial Items
Preserved or fresh leaves used as a smudge to exorcise evil spirits and purify sacred objects.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Potawatomi Other, Lighting
Rolled bark used for night hunting torches.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122
Thuja occidentalis L.
Eastern Arborvitae
USDA THOC2
Potawatomi Other, Protection
Preserved or fresh leaves used as a smudge to exorcise evil spirits and purify sacred objects.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122